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Associated Press writers Deepti Hajela in New York and Michael Felberbaum in Richmond, Va., contributed to this report.

When women smoke during pregnancy, they introduce nicotine into their baby's bloodstream and damage its development: the risk of malformations, infant mortality, premature births and miscarriages is increased

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 22 , 866884 (2025)

The nucleic acid remaining in the supernatant was precipitated by adding 4 volumes of 95% ethanol, 1/10 volume of sodium acetate, flash frozen in liquid nitrogen, thawed on ice, and pelleted by centrifugation at 30,000xg for 30 min at 4C