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We identified 22 Cochrane systematic reviews on behavioural interventions, pharmacotherapies, combined behavioural and pharmacotherapy interventions, and other interventions.22 We updated our search in June 2024, and findings on benefits and harms were consistent with results from earlier searches (Appendix 2, available at www.cmaj.ca/lookup/doi/10.1503/cmaj.241584/tab-related-content)

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The findings indicate that smoking-induced relief of craving and withdrawal reflects primarily non-nicotine effects in slow metabolizers, but depends on nicotine dose in normal metabolizers

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A pulmonary function test is an additional option