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We identified three outcomes with a 4-star association with smoking: COPD (72% increase in risk based on the BPRF, 0.54 ROS), lower respiratory tract infection (54%, 0.43) and pancreatic cancer (52%, 0.42)

This is cheaper than buying cigarettes or even most tobacco products at a convenience store

Using e cigarette is ususlly called vaping

Advocate for smoke-free laws in public spaces

Policies that make vaping less appealing or less accessible therefore carry real risks if they nudge people back toward cigarettes, particularly in countries like Germany where smoking rates remain high and harm reduction uptake is lagging