Even if it is still unclear whether OS is a primary or a secondary cause of neurodegeneration in ALS, overwhelming evidence indicates the pathological role of OS, and alterations in KEAP1 and NRF2 expression and in KEAP1-NRF2 activity may explain the progressive MN degeneration and death associated with ALS [170]
observed a decline in CD44 receptor expression, which hindered the clearance of HA degradation products, thereby perpetuating inflammation (33)
This uneven stress can lead to localized areas of higher strain, increasing the risk of microtears and eventual rupture
In contrast, mass-based methods (e.g., Py-GC/MS) provide robust polymer mass quantification but do not resolve size, shape, number, or size distributions [12, 13], and NPs with low mass contributions may therefore be underestimated
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